The Yamas and Niyamas form the first two “limbs” of the eight limbs of Raja Yoga. They are the restraints and observances that are evident in our behavior and reflect our attitudes about ourselves. They are a fundamental part of “yogic lifestyle.”
The yamas are the “restraints”. It is important to note that one must restrain without suppression (rather covert the energy to something positive). Suppression will lead to frustration and will have a negative effect on the mind as evident in the behavior. For example, if I tell myself I cannot eat chocolate I will just want it more and more till I eventually eat it and probably too much! This behavior may not be very destructive in itself, but my attitude is changed for the worst. I will suffer feelings of loss of control, poor confidence and will mentally feel failure. A better approach would be to ask myself why I am desiring the chocolate and work from the inside out. This will take time but the result will be much better. Pranayama, concentration and meditation would all be useful tools to help me change my behavior.
The yamas include:
1. Ahimsa–Non-violence in both thoughts and actions. This includes thoughts and attitudes about oneself! This is the reason yogis are vegetarians and refrain from eating an animal that must be killed for the purpose of consumption.
2. Satya–Truthfulness. This is reflected behaviorally in what we say–not telling lies and being pure in our speech. If our speech is not pure, the mind will not be pure.
3. Brahmacharya–sublimation of sexual energy. This not only refers to sex itself but also to lust. Wanting something so badly that it consumes our thoughts and drives our behavior will not lead to a calm mind.
4. Asteya–non-stealing, lack of jealousy. This means we are not to be distracted by what we don’t have. Covetousness only leads to impure thoughts and discontent. Being “non-stealing” means that if we want something it must come from pure motive and hard work.
5. Aparigraha–non accepting of gifts or bribes. This has to do with our motives. Motives must be pure–if I am only acting to recieve some reward in return it is not pure and will hind my mind. This includes self-bribery–“if I eat healthy all week I will buy myself some new shoes.”
The Yamas/restraints are the first step to purifying our minds and transforming ourselves through the practice of yoga. I feel it is important to remember that it is a process and we must patiently transform from the inside out. With a clear conscience and pure thoughts we will begin the pathway to peace. Practicing the yamas will help anyone enjoy a better lifestyle whether or not they choose to continue further the practice of yoga.
